Bathrooms are the one room in a UK home where you can't just pick any light you like. Water and electricity don't mix, so UK wiring rules split the bathroom into zones and set a minimum IP rating for each one. This guide explains both in plain English, so you can choose a bathroom light with confidence.
What does an IP rating mean?
IP stands for Ingress Protection. It is written as two numbers, for example IP44:
- First number – protection against solid objects and dust (0–6).
- Second number – protection against water (0–8). This is the one that matters most in a bathroom.
| Rating | What it means |
|---|---|
| IP20 | No protection against water – for dry rooms only. |
| IP44 | Protected against splashing water from any direction – the most common bathroom rating. |
| IP65 | Dust-tight and protected against water jets – good for showers and outdoors. |
| IP67 | Protected against temporary immersion in water. |
UK bathroom zones explained
Zone 0 – inside the bath or shower tray itself. Lights here must be at least IPX7 and run on low voltage (12V SELV). Very few homes put lights here.
Zone 1 – the space directly above the bath or shower, up to 2.25 m from the floor. Minimum IPX4 (IP44 is the usual choice), or IPX5 if the area could be hit by water jets.
Zone 2 – the area stretching 0.6 m out from the edge of the bath or shower. Minimum IPX4. Most electricians also treat the area around the basin and mirror the same way, which is why most bathroom wall and mirror lights are IP44.
Outside the zones – the rest of the room. No minimum rating is required, but we still recommend IP44 for anything in a bathroom, because steam reaches every corner.
Which bathroom light should I choose?
- Above the mirror or basin – an IP44 wall light or vanity bar gives clear, even light on your face.
- Ceiling – a flush or semi-flush IP44 ceiling light is the safest all-round choice.
- Colour of light – warm white (2700–3000K) feels relaxing; neutral white (4000K) is better for shaving and make-up. See our light bulb guide.
- Check the product page – look for the IP rating in the specifications before you buy, and if it isn't listed, ask our team.
Do I need an electrician?
Yes. In England, most new electrical work in a bathroom is notifiable under Part P of the Building Regulations, so it should be fitted by a qualified, registered electrician who can certify it. They will also confirm exactly which zone your light falls into.
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This guide is general information to help you choose. Always follow your electrician's advice for your own bathroom.